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keeper of information is in decline as news consumers, especially
young ones, move to interactive and alternative information sources.
In May 2004, American Nick Berg was beheaded in Iraq, and his
killing put on the Internet. When major news outlets declined to run
video or still pictures of the actual murder, many consumers turned
to the Internet. After the killing was revealed,  Nick Berg video
became the number one search term on the Lycos search engine and
 Nick Berg became the second most searched phrase (after
 American Idol ) on Google for the month.9 Uncounted individuals
across the globe downloaded video of the beheading, bypassing the
editorial judgment of the major media and in many cases no doubt
inflicting at least minor psychological trauma on themselves.
In order to enlist the citizenry in homeland security, government
planners must not only work to improve the preparedness of the
mainstream news media. They must also understand that official
messages carried on major media outlets will be competing with a
vast array of data for the attention of the American people.
NOTES
1. Randy Atkins,  The News Media Could Be Our Weakest Link, Washington Post (January
26, 2003): B3.
2. See various studies cited in Bruce Hoffman, Inside Terrorism (New York: Columbia
University Press, 1998).
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APPENDIX 3 " THE MEDIA AND ISSUES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY 451
3. NewsHour,  Censoring the Enemy (October 15, 2001),
www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/media/july-dec01/cens_10-15.html.
4. Mike Allen and Lisa de Moraes,  TV Networks to Limit Use of Tapes from Bin Laden:
White House to Reinstate Some Congressional Briefings, Washington Post (October 11,
2001): A8.
5. CNN.Com,  Transcript of Bin Laden s October Interview (February 5, 2002),
www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/south/02/05/binladen.transcript/index.html
6. LaVerie Berry, et al.,  Media Interaction with the Public in Emergency Situations: Four
Case Studies (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, August 1999), p. 31.
7. CNN.Com,  Anti-leak Bill Awaits President s Action (October 31, 2000),
www.cnn.com/2000/US/10/31/leak.penalties.
8. Berry,  Media Interaction, p. 7.
9. Lycos Daily 50,  Report with Dean, 50.lycos.com/051304.asp; Google,  Zeitgeist,
www.google.com/press/zeitgeist.html.
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APPENDI X
MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH
SERVICES EMERGENCY AND
DISASTER PLANNING AND
RESPONSE
PUBLI C HEAL TH AND MEDI CAL
ORGANI ZATI ONS HAVE UNI QUE
AND DEMANDI NG RESPONSI BI LI TI ES
FOR PREP ARI NG AND
RESPONDI NG TO TERRORI ST ATTACKS
The mission of public health services includes monitoring the public
health status to identify community health problems; diagnosing and
investigating health hazards; conducting public information and
education activities; developing plans and policies and organizing
community partnerships to respond to health issues; enforcing health
and safety laws and regulations; advising officials on health policies;
coordinating emergency public health activities; and conducting
research on health problems.
Medical services and facilities include emergency medical services,
hospitals, clinics, ambulance services, medical laboratories, pharma-
cies, managed health-care facilities, nursing homes, poison control
centers, medical academic institutions, and veterinary services.
FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR MEDI CAL RESPONSES
Before the creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in
January 2002, numerous federal departments and agencies bore
453
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454 APPENDIXES
responsibility for medical preparedness and response. Today, at least
four federal departments still retain significant responsibilities for
providing coordinating support and providing resources to assist in
state and local medical responses for terrorist attacks, disasters, and
other emergencies.
The Department The DHS provides oversight of the Metropolitan Medical Response
of Homeland
System and the National Disaster Medical System. In addition, the
Security
DHS has assumed the functions of the Department of Health and
Human Services Office of Emergency Preparedness, which manages
and coordinates federal health, medical, and health-related social
services for major emergencies and disasters. Responsibility for coor-
dinating the federal response to any terrorist attack or major disaster
(including medical support) falls to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) under the oversight of the DHS under
the secretary for Emergency Preparedness and Response. Formerly [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]